Identity

Formula Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Class Silicates
Subclass Phyllosilicates
Crystal System Orthorhombic
Hardness 6-6.5
Color Light to apple green, yellow, white, colorless
Lustre Vitreous to pearly
Specific Gravity 2.9
Cleavage Good {001}
Streak White
Technical notes (click to open)(click to close)
Identity A calcium-aluminum silicate, classed as a phyllosilicate, though its grouping has been debated
First of its kind The first mineral ever named after a person, Colonel von Prehn, in 1788
Habit Botryoidal and stalactitic masses of curved crystal crests; distinct crystals are rare
Cat's eye Fibrous material can show a moving band of light
Occurrence An early lining of basalt cavities, before the zeolites, and an index of prehnite-pumpellyite metamorphism

Name & Human History

Etymology

Prehnite is a soft green to yellow green mineral with a gentle, glowing look. It is a silicate of calcium and aluminum, and its trace of iron gives it that apple green color. It rarely forms sharp crystals. Instead it grows as smooth, rounded, grape like masses, or as crusts whose surface is a field of tiny curved crystal tips.

Today

Prehnite is a favorite of collectors and is also cut as a gem. Its translucent green seems to glow softly from within, and good pieces are carved into beads and cabochons. Some fibrous pieces show a moving line of light, a cat's eye effect. A classic specimen is a green prehnite dome studded with dark needles of epidote.

Geology & Occurrence

Formation

Prehnite forms early in the gas pockets of cooling lava. It is often the very first mineral to line a fresh cavity, arriving before the zeolites, calcite, and quartz that fill in later. It also grows in veins and in low grade metamorphic rocks. Geologists even name a stage of mild metamorphism after it.

Notable Localities

Prehnite is found around the world. South Africa, where it was first discovered, remains a classic source. Today some of the finest gem green balls come from Mali, often perched on dark epidote. Fine prehnite also comes from Australia, China, Scotland, and the northeastern United States.

Did you know?

Prehnite holds a special place in history, for it was the first mineral ever named after a person. A Dutch colonel, Hendrik von Prehn, collected it at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and carried it back to Europe in the late 1700s. A German scientist named the green stone in his honor. That simple act began a custom now followed for hundreds of minerals.

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